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1. We should not complain about taxes.
A) feel unhappy
B) say bad things
C) care
D) praise
2. What were the effects of the decision she made?
A) reasons
B) results
C) causes
D) bases
3.People don’t realize how serious this recession has actually been.
A) know
B) think
C) doubt
D) remember
4.First editions of certain popular books cannot be obtained for love or money.
A) at any place
B) at any price
C) in any language
D) in any country
5. About a quarter of the workers in the United States are employed in factories.
A) third
B) fourth
C) tenth
D) fifteenth
答案：ABABB Television Is Doing Irrearable Harm “Yes, but what did we use to do before there was television?” How often we hear statements like this! Television hasn’t been with us all that long, but we are already beginning to forget what the world was like without it, Before we admitted the one-eyed monster into our homes we never found it difficult to occupy our spare time. We used to enjoy civilized pleasures. For instance, we used to have hobbies, we used to entertain our friends and be entertained by them, we used to go outside for our amusements to theatres, cinemas, restaurants and sporting events, We even used to read books and listen to music and broadcast talks occasionally. All that belongs to the past. Now all our free time is regulated by the “goggle box”. We rush home or gulp down our meals to be in time for this or that programme. We have even given up sitting at table and having a leisurely evening meal, exchanging the news of the day. A sandwich and a glass of beer will do anything, providing it doesn’ t interfere with the programme. The monster demands absolute silence and attention. If any member of the family dares to open his mouth during a programme, he is quickly silenced.
Whole generation are growing up addicted to the telly. Food is left uneaten, homework undone and sleep is lost, The telly is a universal pacifier. It is now standard practice for mother to keep the children quiet by putting them in the living room and turning on the set. It doesn’t mater that the children will watch rubbishy commercials or spectacles of sadism(性虐狂)and violence—so long as they are quiet.
There is a limit to the amount of creative talent available in the world, Every day, television consumes vast quantities of creative work, That is why most of the programmes are so bad: it is impossible to keep pace with the demand maintain high standards as well. When millions watch the same programme, the whole world becomes a village, and society is reduced to the conditions which obtain in pre-literate communities (有文字之前的时期). We become utterly dependent on the two most primitive media of communication: pictures and the spoken work.
Television encourages passive enjoyment. We become content with second-hand experiences. It is so easy to sit in our armchair watching others working. Little by little “television” cuts us off from the real world. We get so lazy, we choose to spend a fine day in semi-darkness, glued to our sets, rather than go out into the world itself, Television may be a splendid medium of communication, but it prevents us from communicating with each other. We only become aware how totally irrelevant television is to real living when we spend a holiday by the sea or in the mountains, far away from civilization, In quiet natural surroundings we quickly discover how little we miss the hypnotic (催眠)tyranny of King Telly.
16 This article is about the disadvantages of television.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
17 We often go outside for our amusements now.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
18 We rush home to be in time for a programme.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
19 “The one-eyed monster” refers to the TV set.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
20 One harm of telly is to consume quantities of creative work.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
21 This article implies that all the TV sets in the world should be destroyed.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
22 Watching too much TV may not only results in the laziness but also the low ability to do things.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
答案：ABAAACAScreen Test
1 Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer. If this happens early enough, the disease can often be treated successfully. According to a survey Australia, Canada, the US and Spain, screen women under 50.
2 But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial, partly because the radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancer. Also, younger women must be given higher doses of X-rays because their breast tissue is denser.
3 Researchers at the Polytechnic University of Valencia analysed the effect of screening more than 160,000 women at 11 local clinics. After estimating the women’ s cumulative dose of radiation, they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause.
4 The mathematical model recommended by Britain’s National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) predicted that the screening programme would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women, 18 of them fatal. The model preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led to a lower figure of 20 cancers.
5 The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is “not very significant” compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated. The Valencia programme, they say, detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened.
6 But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45, because they would be exposed to less radiation. The results of their study, they suggest, could help “optimize the technique” for breast cancer screening. 7 “There is a trade-off between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and its risks,” admits Michael Clark of the NRPB. But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution. “On the basis of the current data, for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in life. That’s why radiation exposure should be minimized in any screening programme.”
23 Paragraph 2 __________
24 Paragraph 3 __________
25 Paragraph 4 __________
26 Paragraph 5 __________
A Harm Screening May Do to a Younger Woman
B Investing the Effect of Screening
C Effects Predicted by Two Different Models
D Small Risk of Inducing Cancers from Radiation
E Treatment of Cancers
F Factors That Trigger Cancers
27 Early discovery of breast cancer may .
28 Advantages of screening women under 50 are .
29 Delaying the age at which screening starts may .
30 Radiation exposure should be .
A be costly
B harmful
C save a life
D still open to debate
E reduce the risk of radiation triggering a cancer
F reduced to the minimum
答案：ABCD CDEFLooking to the Future
When a magazine for high-school students asked its readers what life would be like in twenty years, they said: Machines would be run by solar power. Buildings would rotate so they could follow the sun to take maximum advantage of its light and heat. Walls would “radiate light” and “change color with the push of a button.” Food would be replaced by pills. School would be taught “by electrical impulse while we sleep.”Cars would have radar. Does this sound like the year 2000?Actually, 46 and the question was, “what will life be like in 1978?”
The future is much too important to simply guess about, the way the high school students did, so experts are regularly asked to predict accurately. By carefully studying the present skilled businessmen, scientists, and politicians are supposedly able to figure out in advance what will happen. But can they? One expert on cities wrote: 47 , but would have space for farms and fields. People would travel to work in “airbuses”, large all-weather helicopters carrying up to 200 passengers. When a person left the airbus station he could drive a coin-operated car equipped with radar. The radar equipment of cars would make traffic accidents “almost unheard of”. Does that sound familiar? If the expert had been accurate it would, because he was writing in 1957.His subject was “The city of 1982.”
If the professionals sometimes sound like high-school students, it’s probably because 48 . But economic forecasting, or predicting what the economy will do, has been around for a long time. It should be accurate, and generally it is. But there have been some big mistakes in this field, too. In early 1929, most forecasters saw an excellent future for the stock market. In October of that year, 49 ,ruining thousands of investors who had put their faith in financial foreseers.
One forecaster knew that predictions about the future would always be subject to significant errors. In 1957,H.J.Rand of the Rand Corporation was asked about the year 2000, “Only one thing is certain,” he answered. “Children born today 50 .”
A the stock market had its worst losses ever
B will have reached the age of 43 9
C the article was written in 1958
D Cities of the future would not be crowded
E the prediction of the future is generally accurate
F future study is still a new field
答案：CDFAB What Should I Say to the Person Who Has Cancer?
It is normal to feel that you don"t know what to say to someone who has cancer. You might only know the person casually, or you may have worked (1) or lived near each other for many years and have a closer relationship. The most important (2) you can do is to acknowledge the situation in some way - whatever is most comfortable for you. You can show interest and concern, you can express encouragement, or you (3) offer support. Sometimes the simplest expressions of concern are the (4) meaningful.
While it is good to be encouraging, it is also important (5) to show false optimism or to tell the person with cancer to always have a positive attitude. Doing (6) things may discount their fears, concerns, or sad feelings. It is also tempting to say that you know (7) the person feels. While you may know this is a difficult time, no one can know exactly how the person with (8) feels.
Humor can be an important way (9) coping. It is also another source of support and encouragement. Let the person with cancer (10) the lead; it is healthy if they find something funny about a side effect, like hair loss or increased appetite, and you can certainly join (11) in a good laugh. This can be a great way to relieve stress and to take a break from the (12) serious nature of the situation.
When the person with cancer looks good, let them know! Refrain (忍住)(13) comments when their appearance isn"t as good, such as "You"re looking pale," or "You"ve lost weight." Cancer and its treatment can be very unpredictable. Be prepared for good days and bad (14).
Refrain from telling the person with cancer stories about family members or friends who have had cancer. Everyone is different, and these stories may not be helpful. Instead, it is better simply to tell them you know (15) about cancer because you"ve been through it with someone else.
1 Ahard B together C often D once
2 Aword B thing C decision D event
3 Ashould B need C can D must
4 Amore B least C less D most
5 Anot B just C how D still
6 Aother B whatever C these D useful
7 A how B when C why D whether
8 A disease B feelings C concerns D cancer
9 Ainto Bto Cof D on
10 Aturn B take C call D move
11 A him B her C them D theirs
12 A more B less C some D any
13 A upon B out C towards D from
14 A months B days C times D periods
15 A nothing B anything C something D that
答案：BBCDA CADCB CADBC Warm People Likely to Keep Cold at Bay
Staying positive2 through the cold season could be your best defense against getting ill，new study findings suggest. In an experiment that.exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus3, researchers found that people with a generally sunny disposition4 were less likely to fall ill.
The findings, published in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, build on evidence that a "positive emotional style”5 can help ward off the common cold and other illnesses. Researchers believe the reasons may be both objective as in happiness boosting immune function and subjective as in happy people being less troubled by a scratchy throat6 or runny nose.
"People with a positive emotional style may have different immune responses to the virus，，’ explained lead study author Dr Sheldon Cohen of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. “ And when they do get a cold, they may interpret their illness as being less severe. ”
Cohen and his colleagues had found in a previous study that happier people seemed less Susceptible to7 catching a cold, but some questions remained as to8 whether the emotional trait itself had the effect.
For the new study, the researchers had 193 healthy adults complete standard measures of personality traits, self-perceived health and emotional "style". Those who tended to be happy, energetic and easy-going were judged as having a positive emotional style, while those who were often unhappy，tense and hostile had a negative style.
The researchers gave them nasal drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus. Over the next six days，the volunteers reported on any aches， pains，sneezing or congestion they had, while the researchers collected objective data, like daily mucus production. Cohen and his colleagues found that based on objective measures of nasal woes, happy people were less likely to develop a cold.
练习：
1. According to a study author, when people with a positive emotional style do get a cold, they may think
A that their illness is very serious.
B that their illness is not so serious.
C that they do not get any illness at all.
D that the illness they get is not a mild one.
2.People with a positive emotional style may have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT
A happy.
B selfish.
C easy-going.
D energetic.
3.Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics that people with a negative emotional style may have?
A Hostile.
B Unhappy.
C Warm-blooded.
D Tense.
4. How did the researchers test their volunteers?
A By giving everyone nasal drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus.
B By giving everyone a medicine that help lessen the probability of catching cold.
C By giving everyone an injection boosting immune function.
D By investigating everyone"s characteristics, interests and hobbies.
5.Which of the following items is NOT included in the data that the researchers collected?
A Mucus production.
B Aches and pains.
C Sneezing or congestion.
D Blood test.
答案与题解：
1.B 本题答案来自第三段，其中第二句说:“当他们的确患感冒时，他们认为病情并不太严重”
2.B 选项 A、C、D 在第五段第二句均提到，只有 B 项没提到，而且从逻辑推理，情绪乐观的人 绝不会是“自私自利”的人。
3.C 选项 A、B、D 也均在第五段第二句提到，而 C 项“热情洋溢”也不应属于情绪低落、消极 的人所应有的性格特征。
4.A 第六段第一句说的就是“研究者给这些志愿者一些含有感冒病毒或某种流感病毒的滴鼻剂”，这正是本题答案。
5.D 选项 A、B、C 在第六段第二句均提到，而 D 项则不在其中之列。
